Sorumluluk sigortas\u0131, sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden do\u011fan tazminat taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 teminat sa\u011flar. Kamu menfaati ve zarar g\u00f6renin korunmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle, baz\u0131 sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu hale getirilmektedir. Zorunlu sigortan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesindeki amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine hizmet eden hukuki ara\u00e7lardan biri, zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fiye zarar\u0131n\u0131 giderebilmesi i\u00e7in sigortac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frudan talepte bulunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011frudan talep hakk\u0131, yeni y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren TTK\u2019da m.1478\u2019de \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 ve zorunlu t\u00fcm sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
TTK m.1478’de “Do\u011frudan dava hakk\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile “Zarar g\u00f6ren, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131n sigorta bedeline kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n tazminini, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla, do\u011frudan sigortac\u0131dan isteyebilir.”<\/em> h\u00fckm\u00fc ile zarar g\u00f6renin sigortac\u0131dan do\u011frudan talepte bulunabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Zorunlu sigortan\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini sa\u011flayan di\u011fer bir hukuki ara\u00e7 ise, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigortal\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 tamamen veya k\u0131smen tazminat \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kurtuldu\u011fu savunmas\u0131n\u0131, zarar g\u00f6rene ileri s\u00fcrmesinin engellenmesidir. Bu husus, 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 1484. maddesinde \u201cZarar G\u00f6renle \u0130li\u015fkide \u0130fa Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, Birg\u00fcl, 6102 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 1484. Maddesine G\u00f6re Zorunlu Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131nda Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n Zarar G\u00f6rene Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130fa Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, M\u00dcHFHAD, C. 18, S. 2, \u0130stanbul 2012, s. 700-701).<\/p>\n TTK m.1484 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde “(1) Sigortac\u0131, sigortal\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ifa borcundan tamamen veya k\u0131smen kurtulmu\u015f olsa da, zarar g\u00f6ren bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ifa borcu, zorunlu sigorta miktar\u0131na kadar devam eder. (2) Sigorta ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi, zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 ancak, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erdi\u011fini veya erece\u011fini yetkili mercilere bildirmesinden bir ay sonra h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furur. (3) Zarar, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu sona erer.”<\/em> \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n Benzer \u015fekilde 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 KTK m.95 “(1) Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden veya sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden do\u011fan ve tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan haller zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez. (2) \u00d6demede bulunan sigortac\u0131, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, tazminat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi oranda sigorta ettirene ba\u015fvurabilir.”<\/em> \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n TTK sistemati\u011finde zorunlu sigortalar k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan 1484. madde, sadece zorunlu sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlidir. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Ancak daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen ve sigortal\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu savunmalar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rene ileri s\u00fcrmesini engelleyen TTK m.1484 h\u00fckm\u00fc, zarar g\u00f6renin TTK m.1478 h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re do\u011frudan talep hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131yla devreye girmektedir (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 702).<\/p>\n Bu itibarla do\u011frudan talep hakk\u0131n\u0131n yeni TTK sisteminde iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131-zorunlu ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, t\u00fcm sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sorumluluk sigortas\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya sigortac\u0131dan zarar\u0131n\u0131 gidermesini talep edebilir. Bu takdirde iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sorumluluk sigortas\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 sigortac\u0131n\u0131n ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen ayr\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, sigortac\u0131 sigortal\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu savunmalar\u0131, zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 da ileri s\u00fcrebilecektir. Do\u011frudan talep hakk\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu sigortada ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sigortada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark da sigortac\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu sorumluluk sigortas\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 sigortal\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kurtulmu\u015f olsa da zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 bunu ileri s\u00fcrememesi, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sigortada ileri s\u00fcrebilmesidir (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 702).<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan zorunlu sigortada sigortac\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rene kar\u015f\u0131 ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen TTK m.1484 h\u00fckm\u00fc, emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmleri belirleyen \u201cKoruyucu H\u00fck\u00fcmler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan TTK m. 1486\/f.2\u2019de aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, sadece kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u015fart\u0131n ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine neden olan h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, TTK m.1484 h\u00fckm\u00fc emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden olup, bu maddedeki bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn aksinin kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi de\u011fil \u015fart\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lar (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 702-703).<\/p>\n TTK m.1484\/f.1\u2019de yer alan d\u00fczenleme, kaynak kanun \u00a7 158c a.F.VVG (Alman Sigorta S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri Kanunu) d\u00fczenlemesi ve bu d\u00fczenleme yerine y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u00a7117 VVG\u2019nin 1.f\u0131kras\u0131yla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle zorunlu sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131nda, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re sigortal\u0131s\u0131na tazminat \u00f6demekten tamamen veya k\u0131smen kurtuldu\u011fu durumlarda bile sigortac\u0131n\u0131n, zarar g\u00f6renin emin ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde zarar\u0131n\u0131n tazmin edilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zarar verenin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olup olmamas\u0131ndan ve sigortac\u0131n\u0131n zarar veren sigortal\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ifayla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup olmamas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, zarar g\u00f6ren \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye do\u011frudan zarar verenin zorunlu sorumluluk sigortac\u0131s\u0131na talep hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmas\u0131, Alman hukukunda \u201cKanundan Do\u011fan Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi Faraziyesi\u201d ve \u201cSorumluluk Sigortac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015fiye Kar\u015f\u0131 Savunma \u0130stisnas\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 705).<\/p>\n 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019nun 01.07.2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigortal\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden tamamen veya k\u0131smen kurtuldu\u011fu durumda zarar g\u00f6rene \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sadece KTK\u2019nun 95. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda, zorunlu mali mesuliyet sigortas\u0131nda (Trafik Sigortas\u0131nda) \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak beraberinde KTK m.95\/f.2\u2019de, \u00f6demede bulunan sigortac\u0131n\u0131n, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, tazminat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi oranda sigorta ettirene ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi hususu da, yani sigortac\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 esas, Karayollar\u0131 Motorlu Ara\u00e7lar Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131 (Trafik Sigortas\u0131) Genel \u015eartlar\u0131 B.4 h\u00fckm\u00fcnde de kabul edilmi\u015f ve sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 tan\u0131narak, bu hallerin neler oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 713-714).<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6re TTK m.1484\u2019de sigortac\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamakla birlikte, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigortal\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011filken, zarar g\u00f6rene \u00f6demesi durumunda, sigortal\u0131ya r\u00fccu etmeye hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu hususunun, hem bu maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu KTK m.95\/f.2 h\u00fckm\u00fcne, hem de \u00a7 117 Abs.5VVG h\u00fckm\u00fcne ve tabi genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere dayanarak kabul edilmesi gerekir (Sopac\u0131 \u00d6ztuna, s. 714).<\/p>\n Av. Enes AL\u0130\u015e, LL.M.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sorumluluk sigortas\u0131, sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden do\u011fan tazminat taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 teminat sa\u011flar. Kamu menfaati ve zarar g\u00f6renin korunmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleriyle, baz\u0131 sorumluluk sigortalar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu hale getirilmektedir. Zorunlu sigortan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesindeki amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine hizmet eden hukuki ara\u00e7lardan biri, zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fiye zarar\u0131n\u0131 giderebilmesi i\u00e7in sigortac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011frudan talepte bulunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011frudan talep hakk\u0131, yeni y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren TTK\u2019da m.1478\u2019de […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[174,170,171,173,172],"class_list":["post-13631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meridyen-hukuk","tag-ktk-m-95","tag-sigortaci","tag-sigortali","tag-ttk-m-1484","tag-zarar-goren"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13631"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13631"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13633,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13631\/revisions\/13633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}