{"id":13606,"date":"2025-01-01T22:32:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T19:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/?p=13606"},"modified":"2025-01-01T22:32:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T19:32:33","slug":"sigorta-ettirenin-sozlesme-oncesi-beyan-yukumlulugu-ve-culpa-in-contrahendo-sorumlulugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/sigorta-ettirenin-sozlesme-oncesi-beyan-yukumlulugu-ve-culpa-in-contrahendo-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0130GORTA ETT\u0130REN\u0130N S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME \u00d6NCES\u0130 BEYAN Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc VE CULPA \u0130N CONTRAHENDO SORUMLULU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/h1>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fc\u015fme a\u015famas\u0131nda taraflar birbirlerine, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131na etki edecek nitelikteki hususlar\u0131 bildirmesi gerekir (Ayiter, Kudret, Sigorta Ettirenin Mukavele Yap\u0131l\u0131rken Mevcut \u0130hbar M\u00fckellefiyeti, Ticaret ve Banka Hukuku Haftas\u0131 27 Nisan-3 May\u0131s 1959, BTHAE, Ankara 1960, s. 217). Taraflardan birinin b\u00f6yle bir bildirimi yapmamas\u0131 di\u011fer taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u00ad\u011fan menfaatinin azalmas\u0131na veya yok olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc taraflar, s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015f\u00adlamas\u0131 ile birbirlerinin ekonomik menfaatlerine etki edebilecek konuma gelirler. Doktrinde, bu tarz bildirimlerin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131nda veya yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir kusurun bulunmas\u0131 halleri i\u00e7in \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d (s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerindeki kusur – Verschulden bei Vertragsverhandlungen<\/em>) tabiri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u015eenocak, Kemal, Sigorta S\u00f6zle\u015fmesini Kurmaya Y\u00f6nelik \u0130cap Beyan\u0131n\u0131n Kabul\u00fc veya Reddi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0130rade Beyan\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klanmadan \u00d6nce Si\u00adgortac\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130caba Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k S\u00fcresi \u0130\u00e7erisinde Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Riziko\u2019dan Dolay\u0131 Culpa In Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu S\u00f6z Konusu Olabilir mi?, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, C. XI, S. 1-2, Anka\u00adra 2007, s.299; \u00d6zdamar, Mehmet, Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6ncesi Ayd\u0131nlatma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Ankara 2010, s. 321; Gezder, \u00dcmit, T\u00fcrk\/\u0130svi\u00e7re Hukukunda Culpa In Contrahendo So\u00adrumlulu\u011fu, \u0130stanbul 2009, s. 10; G\u00fcrp\u0131nar, Damla, S\u00f6zle\u015fme D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Yanl\u0131\u015f Tavsiyede Bulunma, \u00d6\u011f\u00fct Veya Bilgi Vermeden Do\u011fan Hu\u00adkuk\u00ee Sorumluluk, \u0130zmir, 2006, s.139; Hac\u0131\u00f6mero\u011flu, A. O\u011fuzhan, Sigorta S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Kurulu\u015f Safhas\u0131ndaki Sigorta Ettirenin Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Culpa \u0130n Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan De\u011ferlendirilmesi, Ticaret ve Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Hukuku Dergisi, C. I, S. 2, Y. 2015, s. 50; Ayiter, s. 217).<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nun 1435 il\u00e2 1442\u2019nci maddeleri \u201cculpa in contra\u00adhendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011fu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilecektir. \u00d6nce \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011fun ne oldu\u011fu genel hatlar\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klana\u00adcak ve daha sonra ise, sigorta ettirenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulu\u015f safhas\u0131ndaki beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn muh\u00adtevas\u0131n\u0131n ve mahiyetinin ne oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle ihlali h\u00e2linde sigortac\u0131 lehine sigorta ettirenden tazminat talep etmek hakk\u0131n\u0131 verip vermeyece\u011fi meselesi \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>S\u0130GORTA ETT\u0130REN\u0130N BEYAN Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Sigorta ettiren ve sigortac\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olarak bir sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131 ile sigorta ettiren prim \u00f6deme borcu alt\u0131na girerken sigortac\u0131 ise rizikoyu ta\u015f\u0131ma borcunu \u00fcstlenmektedir. Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sigortac\u0131 bir ya da birden fazla menfaatini sigorta himayesi alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu menfaat \u00e7o\u011fu zaman sigorta ettirene ait oldu\u011fundan bu menfaate ili\u015fkin gerekli bilgilerin sigorta ettiren taraf\u0131nda sigortac\u0131ya verilmesi gerekir. Sigorta teminat\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nan menfaati sigortac\u0131n\u0131n her durumda bizzat inceleyebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan rizikolar hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 da beklenemez (\u00d6lmez K\u00f6ro\u011flu, Belin, Sigorta Ettirenin Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00c7ankaya \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, C. I, S. 2, Y. 2016, s. 266). Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n rizikolar\u0131 bilmesi prim dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve sigortac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerinin devam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Riziko ile prim aras\u0131nda sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu hassas dengeye \u201cprimin rizikoya uygunlu\u011fu ilkesi\u201d<\/em> denilmektedir (Oma\u011f, Merih Kemal, T\u00fcrk Sigorta Hukukunda Rizikonun A\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131 Sorunu, Ankara 1985, s. 14 \u2013 15).<\/p>\n

Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigorta teminat\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nan menfaate ili\u015fkin rizikolardan tam ve kesin olarak bilgi sahibi olabilmesi i\u00e7in kanun koyucu 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019nda beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sigorta ettiren i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. TTK\u2019n\u0131n 1435 ve 1446\u2019nc\u0131 maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck t\u00fcm sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi boyunca s\u00fcrmekte ve hatta riziko ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra da devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

TTK\u2019da sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmesi i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple sigorta ettiren beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirirken herhangi bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir (Bozer, Ali, Sigorta Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler \u2013 Baz\u0131 Sigorta T\u00fcrleri, 2. Bask\u0131, Ankara 2009, s. 91). Buna kar\u015f\u0131n sigorta genel \u015fartlar\u0131nda sigorta ettiren veya sigortal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak bildirimlerin noter ya da taahh\u00fctl\u00fc mektupla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak Kanun ile d\u00fczenlenmeyen bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n sigorta ettiren aleyhine genel \u015fartlar ile getirilmesi beklenemez. Bu durum TTK m. 1452\/3 maddesinde sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin maddelerinin sigorta ettiren ve sigortal\u0131 aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi halinde Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 emredici olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re sigorta ettirenin sigortac\u0131ya s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak dahi beyanda bulunmas\u0131 beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmesi i\u00e7in yeterlidir (K\u00f6ro\u011flu \u00d6lmez, s. 267). Yeter ki s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lan beyan ispat edilebilsin.<\/p>\n

Sigorta hukukunda sigorta ettirenin beyan etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu hususlar sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131nda, devam\u0131nda ve sona ermesinde sigortac\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan hususlard\u0131r. Bu nedenle sigorta ettirenin yapaca\u011f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi \u201cbilgi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131\u201d<\/em> niteli\u011finde bir hukuki fiildir (Eren, Fikret, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2020, s. 133; G\u00fclmez, Merve, Sigorta S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde Sigorta Ettirenin Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Konya 2019, KTO Karatay \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, s. 23). Bilgi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 hukuk\u00ee bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da hukuk d\u00fczeni baz\u0131 bilgi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na \u00f6nemli hukuki sonu\u00e7lar ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

II.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>CULPA \u0130N CONTRAHENDO SORUMLULU\u011eU <\/strong><\/h2>\n

A.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Genel Olarak<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ve mehaz\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, sorumluluk hukukunu, \u201chaks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu\u201d ve \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fme sorumlulu\u011fu\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131 ile ikili bir yap\u0131 halinde d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir. Ticari hayat i\u00e7erisinde, \u201cne tam anlam\u0131yla hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilebilen ne de bir borca ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil eden\u201d, fakat yine de ba\u015fka bir kimseye zarar veren baz\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmakta; hakkaniyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi gere\u011fi, bu zarar\u0131n zarar veren kimse taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler bir anda kurulup meydana gelen hukuki i\u015flemler de\u011fildir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 bir s\u00fcrecin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmadan \u00f6nce taraflar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin muhtevas\u0131, \u015fartlar\u0131, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparlar. Bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurmak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flayanlar aras\u0131nda TMK m. 2’deki d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi do\u011far. Zira g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecilerden her biri veya onlar\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ve onun koruma alan\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin \u015fah\u0131s ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinde etkili olabilecek bir konuma ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Bu nedenle taraflar aras\u0131 ili\u015fki daha s\u0131k\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birbirlerine do\u011fru bilgi verme, bilinmesi gereken konularda a\u00e7\u0131klama yapma, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 muhtemel bir tak\u0131m zararlardan uzak tutma \u015feklinde ifade edilen baz\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taraflar bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere kusurlu bir \u015fekilde ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131rlar ve aralar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisini ihmal ederlerse bundan do\u011fan zararlardan sorumlu olurlar (Ar\u0131kan, Mustafa, Culpa \u0130n Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, C. 17, S. 1, Y. 2009, s. 69 – 70; Bayg\u0131n, Cem, Culpa in Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu ve Amerikan Hukukundaki Uygulamas\u0131, A\u00dcEHFD, C. IV, S. 1-2, Y. 2000, s. 345).<\/p>\n

Sorumluluk olgusunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan olaylar genellikle haks\u0131z fiil, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmedir. Fakat toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi birtak\u0131m iktisadi, psikolojik olgular \u00f6yle birtak\u0131m sorunlar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131 sorumluluk olgusunu do\u011furan klasik olaylarla a\u00e7\u0131klama imk\u00e2n\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Doktrinde bu yeni gereksinimlere kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmayarak yeni isimler alt\u0131nda, \u00f6z\u00fc ve bi\u00e7imi farkl\u0131 olan, yeni hukuki kurumlar olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011fu da bu yeni kurumlardan birisidir (Ar\u0131kan, s. 71).<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki kusurlu davran\u0131\u015ftan kaynaklanan sorumluluk t\u00fcr\u00fcne culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011fu ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Culpa in contrahendo, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki safhada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fenlerden birinin veya yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeciye veya onun koruma alan\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015filere, aralar\u0131ndaki d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak kurulmu\u015f bulunan s\u00f6zle\u015fme benzeri g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranarak vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu zarardan sorumluluktur (Eren, s. 1254).<\/p>\n

Culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olarak kurulmu\u015f bir akdin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ge\u00e7erli olarak kurulmu\u015f bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme sonras\u0131nda da sorumluluk devam etmektedir (Durak, Yasemin, G\u00fcven Sorumlulu\u011fu Ve Culpa \u0130n Contrahendo, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, C. 25, S. 1, Y. 2017, s. 260; Ar\u0131kan, s. 71).<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri esnas\u0131nda taraflar birbirlerini yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak zorunda olduklar\u0131 gibi kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n baz\u0131 hususlarda yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan taraf, culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011funun gere\u011fi olarak, onu uyarmakla da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr (Ar\u0131kan, s. 77 \u2013 78).<\/p>\n

1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi’nce yap\u0131lan bir yarg\u0131lamada hakim durumda bulunan \u015firketin logo, isim ve sloganlar\u0131n\u0131n yavru \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yavru \u015firket ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme akdeden taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurma iradelerinde hakim \u015firketin g\u00fcvencesinden istifade edece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015f ve culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsedilerek hakim \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011funa gidilmi\u015ftir (Karar\u0131n tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Y\u0131lmaz, Asuman, \u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi’nin Swissair Karar\u0131, BAT\u0130DER, C. 25, S. 2, Y. 2009, s. 431 vd; Aker, Halit, T\u00fcrk \u015eirketler Hukukunda Yeni Bir Kurum: \u201cH\u00e2kim \u015eirketin G\u00fcvenden Do\u011fan Sorumlulu\u011fu\u201d (TTK Tasar\u0131s\u0131 m. 209): \u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bir De\u011ferlendirme, A\u00dcHFD, C. 57, S. 4, Y. 2008, s. 11 vd.). S\u00f6z konusu karar T\u00fcrk hukukunda da yads\u0131namayacak bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve TTK m. 209’un mevzuata girmesine sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Federal Mahkeme taraflar aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir temas \u015fart\u0131 aramam\u0131\u015f, dolayl\u0131 temas\u0131 da yeterli g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve g\u00fcven olgusu reklam niteli\u011findeki beyanlarla yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hakl\u0131 beklentiyi yaratacak davran\u0131\u015flarda bizzat bulunmam\u0131\u015f; yavru \u015firketin bu y\u00f6ndeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na bu y\u00f6nde m\u00fcsaade etmi\u015ftir ve olu\u015fturulan bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe inanan ve g\u00fcvenen kimselerin hakl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlerinin korunaca\u011f\u0131 ve meydana gelen zararlardan da Swissair isimli hakim \u015firketi sorumlu tutmu\u015ftur (G\u00f6rener, Aylin, G\u00fcven Sorumlulu\u011fu, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul 2019, \u0130stanbul Ticaret \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, s. 62 \u2013 63).<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 01.12.2010 tarihinde verdi\u011fi karar\u0131nda ise culpa in contrahendo kavram\u0131 \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fu genel bir ifadeyle belirtmek gerekirse, s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri a\u015famas\u0131nda taraflardan birinin di\u011ferine veya onun korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015filere, aralar\u0131nda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 (M.K. m. 2) gere\u011fince ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisinin ihlali sonucu meydana gelen sorumluluk\u201d<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (YHGK, K.T: 01.12.2010, 2010\/13-593. Karar i\u00e7in bkz. Karakurt, Hakan, Culpa In Contrahendo, \u0130stanbul Barosu Dergisi, C. 86, S. 4, Y. 2012, s. 222 \u2013 223).<\/p>\n

Karar\u0131n devam\u0131nda ise kavramla ilgili olarak \u201cZira s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte taraflar aras\u0131nda temeli d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na dayanan bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi meydana gelir ve bu ili\u015fki koruma y\u00fck\u00fcmlerini de i\u00e7erir. Bundan dolay\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde taraflardan her biri veya yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 di\u011fer tarafa veya onun himayesinde bulunan ki\u015filerin \u015fah\u0131s ve mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na zarar vermeyi engellemek i\u00e7in gerekli dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermek ve koruma y\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uymak zorundad\u0131rlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, koruma y\u00fck\u00fcmleri, ifa menfaati d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan di\u011fer \u015fah\u0131s ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerine zarar vermemeyi ihtiva eder. S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi koruma y\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ihlali, s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011fa sebebiyet verir.\u201d <\/em>denilmi\u015ftir (YHGK, K.T: 01.12.2010, 2010\/13-593. Karar i\u00e7in bkz. Karakurt, s. 223).<\/p>\n

B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011funun hu\u00adkuk\u00ee niteli\u011fi doktrinde tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fma, culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin genel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamas\u0131 ve sorumluluk h\u00e2linde zarar g\u00f6renin zararlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmlere dayan\u0131larak giderilece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Doktrinde, s\u00f6z konusu so\u00adrumlulu\u011fun hukuk\u00ee niteli\u011fi, haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu, s\u00f6zle\u015fme sorumlulu\u011fu ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sorumluluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Haks\u0131z Fiil G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011funun hukuk\u00ee niteli\u011fi, hen\u00fcz bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin meydana gelmemesi sebe\u00adbiyle haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fudur. Buna g\u00f6re, s\u00f6zle\u015f\u00adme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri safhas\u0131ndaki olaylara s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fc\u00adk\u00fcmlerini uygulamak, zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin devam\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kal\u00add\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Oysaki, haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011funun kabul edilmesi ile, hen\u00fcz s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda meydana gelen zarar\u0131n kolayl\u0131kla taz\u00admininin sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f taraftarlar\u0131 (K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, Ahmet, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 11. Bask\u0131, An\u00adkara, 2009, s. 59 vd.) \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fme olmadan s\u00f6zle\u015fme sorumlulu\u011fu uygulanamaz\u201d<\/em> ve \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fme yoksa haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r\u201d <\/em>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ileri s\u00fcrmektedirler. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cculpa in contrahendo\u201d <\/em>sorumlulu\u011funun \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in gerekli olanlara benzemesi de, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savu\u00adnan taraflarca ortaya konulan di\u011fer bir gerek\u00e7edir (Haks\u0131z fiil g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. \u00d6zdamar, Mehmet, Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6n\u00adcesi Ayd\u0131nlatma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Ankara, 2010, s. 325 vd.; Demircio\u011flu, Huriye Reyhan, G\u00fcven Esas\u0131 Uyar\u0131nca S\u00f6zle\u015fme G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerindeki Kusurlu Dav\u00adran\u0131\u015ftan Do\u011fan Sorumluluk (Culpa In Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu), Ankara, 2009, s. 90 vd.; Yalman, S\u00fcleyman, T\u00fcrk-\u0130svi\u00e7re Huku\u00adkunda S\u00f6zle\u015fme G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden Do\u011fan Sorumluluk, Ankara, 2006, s. 70 vd.; Gezder, \u00dcmit, T\u00fcrk\/\u0130svi\u00e7re Hukukunda Culpa In Contrahendo Sorumlulu\u011fu, \u0130stanbul, 2009, s. 73 vd.).<\/p>\n

Haks\u0131z fiil g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn fazla savunulmamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, onun zarar g\u00f6ren taraf bak\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana getirdi\u011fi olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Kanaatimizce, za\u00admana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ispat ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumluluk gibi konularda meydana gelen sonu\u00e7\u00adlar, haks\u0131z fiil g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn savunulmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u00admaktad\u0131r (Gezder, s. 75; Demircio\u011flu, s. 98 vd.; \u00d6zdamar, s. 326). Nitekim, zarar g\u00f6ren, tazminat talebini Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 72\u2019nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ileri s\u00fcrmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca zarar, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmecinin yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f ise, hen\u00fcz s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sorumluluk, <\/strong>Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 66 nc\u0131 maddesi uyar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve zarar veren, kurtulu\u015f kan\u0131t\u0131ndan yararlanabilir. Son olarak da, kusuru ispat y\u00fck\u00fc, zarar g\u00f6rene d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fmeden Do\u011fan Sorumluluk G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunanlar, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011funu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fc\u015fmelerin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile taraflar aras\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme benzeri bir g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi meydana gelir ve taraflara hedeflenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde koruma m\u00fckellefiyetleri y\u00fckler. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin kusurlu bir fiil ve tutum ile ihlal edilmesi de, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ihlaline ili\u015fkin bir sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011furur (Demircio\u011flu, s. 77 vd.; Yalman, s. 73 vd.; Gezder, s. 64 vd.).<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile taraflar aras\u0131nda kurulan g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi, \u00f6zel nitelikli bir ili\u015f\u00adkidir. Bu ili\u015fkiye, herkese kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan haks\u0131z fiil h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira, haks\u0131z fiil h\u00fc\u00adk\u00fcmleri, hem geneldir ve hem de taraflar aras\u0131nda \u00f6nceden kurulan bir ili\u015fkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011funa k\u0131yas yolu ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r (\u00d6zdamar, s. 326; Demircio\u011flu, s. 86 vd.; Yalman, s. 82 vd.; Gezder, s. 72).<\/p>\n

\u201cCulpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011fu \u00e7er\u00e7eve\u00adsinde meydana gelen zararlar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcm\u00adlerine g\u00f6re tazmin edilmesi, zarar g\u00f6reni haks\u0131z fiil h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine nazaran daha iyi korumaktad\u0131r. Nite\u00adkim bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, zarar g\u00f6renin tazmi\u00adnat talebi on y\u0131ll\u0131k genel zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresine t\u00e2bi olmakta, ispat y\u00fck\u00fc zarar veren ki\u015fiye ge\u00e7mekte ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumluluk hakk\u0131nda Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 116\u2019nc\u0131 maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ile, kurtulu\u015f kan\u0131t\u0131 getirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 or\u00adtadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Demircio\u011flu, s. 86 vd.; Yalman, s. 82 vd.; Gezder, s. 72; \u00d6zdamar, s. 327).<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Kendine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sorumluluk G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Doktrinde, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u00ad\u011funa, hen\u00fcz s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan ve zarar verenin haks\u0131z fiil kapsam\u0131na girebilecek bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve haks\u0131z fiil h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fc\u00adr\u00fclerek, ortada kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sorumlulu\u011fun var oldu\u011fu savunulmu\u015ftur (K\u0131rca, \u00c7i\u011fdem, Bilgi Vermeden Dolay\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015fiye Kar\u015f\u0131 Sorumluluk, BTHAE, Ankara, 2004, s. 143; O\u011fuzt\u00fcrk, Burcu Kalkan, G\u00fcven Sorumlulu\u011fu, \u0130stanbul 2008, s. 106; Gezder, s. 78; \u00d6zdamar, s. 327).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Hukukunda savunulan ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ta\u00adraftar\u0131 bulunan di\u011fer bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re ise \u201cculpa in contrahendo\u201d <\/em>sorumlulu\u011fu, <\/em>taraflar aras\u0131ndaki edim ili\u015fkisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ile kurulan ve taraflar\u0131n birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunduklar\u0131 \u00f6zel davran\u0131\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck\u00adlerinin (edim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin) ihlalinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bahsedi\u00adlen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi, di\u011fer edim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckle\u00adrinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olup, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Meden\u00ee Kanun\u2019un 2\u2019nci maddesindeki d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131ndan al\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki koruma da, hu\u00adkuk\u00ee y\u00f6nden korunmaya de\u011fer bir amaca y\u00f6nelmi\u015f sosyal temas ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6z konusu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ili\u015fki sonucunda her iki taraf, birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kendi iradelerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ola\u00adrak kanundan kaynaklanan g\u00fcvene dayal\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f (koruma) y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine uygun hareket etmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131n kusurlu fiil ve tutum ile ih\u00adlali h\u00e2linde de \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011fu meydana gelir (O\u011fuzt\u00fcrk, s. 106 vd.; K\u0131rca, s. 143 vd.; Demircio\u011flu, s. 161 vd.; \u00d6zdamar, s. 328-329).<\/p>\n

Kanaatimizce de, s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ra\u00ads\u0131nda taraflar aras\u0131nda kendili\u011finden meydana gelen g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisi, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011fu\u00adnun temelini te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira, g\u00fcven ili\u015fki ile birlikte taraflar, birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 art\u0131k genel ve soyut de\u011fil de \u00f6zel ve somut davran\u0131\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri (ay\u00add\u0131nlatma, bilgi verme, ihbar etme gibi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck\u00adleri) alt\u0131na girmektedirler. S\u00f6z konusu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck\u00adlerin kusurlu bir \u015fekilde ihlal edilmesi h\u00e2li, \u201cculpa in contrahendo<\/em>\u201d sorumlulu\u011funu do\u011furur. Taraflar aras\u0131nda hen\u00fcz bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00fcven sayesinde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Meden\u00ee Ka\u00adnun\u2019un 2\u2019nci maddesinden alan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir hukuk\u00ee ili\u015fki meydana gelir ve sorumluluk hakk\u0131nda, k\u0131yas yolu ile s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r (Demirci\u00ado\u011flu, s. 161 vd.; \u00d6zdamar, s.329). B\u00f6ylece taraflar, herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilen genel kural\u00adlardan ba\u015fka, sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine \u00f6zg\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri alt\u0131na girerler. Zarar g\u00f6ren de, hakk\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda talep edebilir.<\/p>\n

III. <\/strong>S\u0130GORTA ETT\u0130REN\u0130N S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME \u00d6NCES\u0130 BEYAN Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN \u0130HLAL\u0130 HAL\u0130NDE CULPA \u0130N CONTRAHENDO\u2019DAN DO\u011eAN SORUMLULU\u011eU<\/strong><\/h1>\n

A.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Genel Olarak<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali halinde sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu haklar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ikili bir ayr\u0131ma giderek rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenilmesi halinde sigortac\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden cayabilir ya da prim fark\u0131 isteyebilir (TTK m. 1439\/1). Ayn\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re sigortac\u0131 beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlalini riziko ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ise sigorta ettirenin kusurunun derecesine ve aradaki illiyet ba\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sigorta bedelinden indirim, bedel \u00f6deme borcunun tamamen ortadan kalkmas\u0131 ya da \u00f6denen primle \u00f6denmesi gereken prim aras\u0131ndaki oran dikkate al\u0131narak sigorta bedelinin \u00f6denmesi s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r (TTK m. 1439\/2). Kanunda yazan bu yollarla sigortac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkaca zararlar\u0131n\u0131n giderilemedi\u011fi durumlarda culpa in contrahendo\u2019dan kaynaklanan bir tazminat hakk\u0131na ba\u015fvurup ba\u015fvuramayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir (Erba\u015f A\u00e7\u0131kel, Asl\u0131han, Sigorta Ettirenin S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6ncesi Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130hlali Halinde Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n Sahip Oldu\u011fu Haklarla \u0130lgili Baz\u0131 Sorunlar, BAT\u0130DER, C. XXXV, S. 2, Y. 2019, s. 145).<\/p>\n

B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130hlali Halinde Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n Culpa \u0130n Contrahendo\u2019dan Kaynakl\u0131 Tazminat Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Olup Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kanun\u2019da s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali halinde uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011fretide \u00e7o\u011funlukla TTK\u2019da beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali halinde uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tazminat talebinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00fclfet niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 culpa in contrahendo sebebi ile tazminat talep edilemeyece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir (\u015eeker \u00d6\u011f\u00fcz, Zehra, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu ve T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131na G\u00f6re Sigorta S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6ncesi \u0130hbar G\u00f6revi, \u0130stanbul 2010, s. 48 – 49; \u00dcnan, Samim, Kara Sigortalar\u0131nda Sigorta Ettirenin G\u00f6revleriyle \u0130lgili Baz\u0131 Sorunlar, SHD, S. 1, Y. 1998, s. 98 \u2013 99; Bozer, Ali, Sigorta Hukuku (Sigorta End\u00fcstri\u00adsi-Sigorta Hukukunun Genel Prensipleri (Taz\u00adminat), Tazminat Sigortas\u0131 ve \u00c7e\u015fitleri, BTHAE, Ankara 1965, s. 222; \u00d6ztan, F\u0131rat, Sigorta Akdinin \u0130nikad\u0131nda \u0130hbar M\u00fckellefiyeti, BTHAE, Ankara, 1965, s. 129; Ayiter, s. 220; Kender, Rayeg\u00e2n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Husus\u00ee Sigorta Hukuku, 9. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2008, s. 217). Kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nde ise s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin yap\u0131l\u0131p da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin akdedilmemesi halinde ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin akdedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sigortac\u0131n\u0131n cayma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zararlar\u0131n tazmin edilebilece\u011fi; ancak cayma hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir (Hac\u0131\u00f6mero\u011flu, s. 67; Ayd\u0131n, Sevgican, Sigorta Ettirenin S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6ncesi Beyan Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130hlali ve \u0130hlal Halinde Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n Haklar\u0131 \u00d6zellikle Oranlama Sistemine G\u00f6re Tazminattan \u0130ndirim Hakk\u0131, Ankara 2018, s. 263). \u00d6\u011fretide \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ise sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn hukuki niteli\u011finin k\u00fclfet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u00e7e\u015fit yan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u015feklindedir. Kanundaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler, riziko ile prim aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken dengenin ba\u015ftan kurulamamas\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011fan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ve bu dengeyi kurmaya yarayacak veya telafi edecek mekanizmay\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6neliktir. Beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali sonucunda riziko ve prim aras\u0131ndaki denge d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkaca menfaatlerin de zarara u\u011framas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Erba\u015f A\u00e7\u0131kel, s. 161 \u2013 162).<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131m\u0131zca culpa in contrahendo sorumlulu\u011fu TTK\u2019da \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlali halinde TTK m. 1451\/1 uyar\u0131nca TBK\u2019n\u0131n genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine gidilmesi gerekmektedir. Kanun koyucu, sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Kanunda \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015f olsa da bunun ihlali halinde meydana gelebilecek zararlar\u0131n nas\u0131l giderilece\u011fini ili\u015fkin bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirmemi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple sigorta ettirenin beyan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlali halinde sigortac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan cayma hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise menfi zararlar\u0131n\u0131n hakkaniyet gere\u011fi tazmini gerekmektedir (Erba\u015f A\u00e7\u0131kel, s. 162; Hac\u0131\u00f6mero\u011flu, s. 66).<\/p>\n

Av. Enes AL\u0130\u015e, LL.M.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesi g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fc\u015fme a\u015famas\u0131nda taraflar birbirlerine, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131na etki edecek nitelikteki hususlar\u0131 bildirmesi gerekir (Ayiter, Kudret, Sigorta Ettirenin Mukavele Yap\u0131l\u0131rken Mevcut \u0130hbar M\u00fckellefiyeti, Ticaret ve Banka Hukuku Haftas\u0131 27 Nisan-3 May\u0131s 1959, BTHAE, Ankara 1960, s. 217). Taraflardan birinin b\u00f6yle bir bildirimi yapmamas\u0131 di\u011fer taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u00ad\u011fan menfaatinin azalmas\u0131na veya yok olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecektir. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[169],"class_list":["post-13606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meridyen-hukuk","tag-culpa-in-contrahendo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13606"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13606"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13607,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13606\/revisions\/13607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.meridyenhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}